Sunday, November 3, 2013

Keep Your Balance


Without Vitamin A, B,C,D, and Iodine there is no way you could have a well balanced diet. There are many problems that you can solve or can come from the foods you eat. You may not think what you put into your body doesn’t make much of a difference but it does, sometimes it can make all of the difference. It’s vital that we keep a well balanced diet rich of all the vitamins that we need to be healthy. There are vitamins that improve anything from vision to metabolism.
Vitamin A Helps eye function, hair, and skin. Vitamin A can be found mainly in foods such as dairy, meat, fish, and of course carrots. Males 14-18 should have 630 mg of vitamin A Everyday. Females ages 14-18 should have 485 mg of Vitamin A. Vitamin B promotes a good nervous system, and controls digestion enzymes. It can be found mainly in Dairy, Meat, Spinach, broccoli, and bananas. The RDI (recommended daily intake) for males 14-18 is 1.1mg and for females 1.0mg.
Vitamin C  is a healing antioxidant and helps your immune system. It is mainly found in citrus fruit. for males ages 14-18 should have 63 mg daily, and females 56.without Vitamin C you could develop scurvy heavily affecting you dental health leading to other health problems. Vitamin C has been known to help you when sick how every it works better when you take your RDI rather than large amounts when already sick.

Vitamin D  helps with calcium absorption for bones and teeth. It can be found in Dairy, fish, and fish oil. The DRI for vitamin D everyone at any age is 10. You can also receive Vitamin D from the sun. the paler your skin the more Vitamin D is made however the sun is harmful to skin so you shouldn’t depend on sun giving you RDI of vitamin D you should include it in your diet. Iodine helps thyroid function, metabolism and temperature control. It can be found in Seaweed and seafood. Iodine deficiency blocks the negative feedback to the pituitary gland causing a swollen thyroid gland. To solve this problem salt has begun to be iodized.

I WANT REST! Nourishment and Sleeping patterns.....(Daytime & Nightime Fatigue and Sleepiness)


 
Let’s face it, a large quantity of American people bestow unhealthy life choices. These choices come in various forms but today, I’ll discuss on nutrition and its effects on sleep. Many people suffer from sleep deprivation. Out of these people, teens are effected at a higher percentage. For some teens, it is by choice but for many other teenagers, it is caused by their inability to fall asleep. Their inabilities to fall asleep may be because of malnutrition. Taking in the necessary vitamins and minerals during the day is essential for good night’s rest.  Adjusting your diet can help you go to sleep at night as well as helping to stay awake during the day. 

 

There are many foods that you can eat to improve sleep. For example: a few foods that improve sleeping functions are dairy/ milk, tea, almonds, bananas and oatmeal. 

 

Dairy products (Milk, yogurt etc.) can enhance your sleeping hours. As we all know, milk has vitamin D and calcium. Calcium lower stress levels and it also helps stabilize nerve fibers including those of which in the brain. Not only will your favorite cup of Yoplait yogurt help you fall asleep, but it also will help you stop warring about the stresses of IB.  

 

Magnesium is also a key nutrient that plays a key role in bodily function that regulates sleep. Many insomnia patients suffer from magnesium deficiency. This important mineral is found in leafy greens, pumpkin seeds, nuts, beans, lentils and many varieties of fish. 

 

The next important mineral that is necessary for sleep is Potassium. According to a study in a 1991 sleep journal, Potassium supplements were helpful to those who had trouble sleeping. Potassium is often found through pill/supplementation form but Bananas are also abundant in potassium. Potassium is 20% of the daily value in the Banana. Sweet potatoes and Avocados are also great sources of potassium.  

 

Another nutrient that reduces fatigue and increases nightly sleep is Vitamin D. In a recent study, the Journal club of clinical sleep medicine found that there was a strong correlation between daytime sleepiness and the deficiency of Vitamin D. As we spoke in class, Sun exposure is the most abundant source for the vitamin but unfortunately, not everyone can receive this sun exposure due to their health concerns. Too much sun exposure can cause skin cancer which is fatal. Fortunately, there are foods with sources of vitamin D that will help you intake this nutrient in a different form. Fish, Fish liver oil's and many dairy products are abundant in this nutrient. 

 

These discoveries by biologist and chemist are still in effect. Although these studies are continuous, most of them are already proven. These nutritional studies show that a healthy lifestyle and diet can dramatically improve sleep. Applying some of these foods in nutrients in our daily lives can help us have a better nights rest after those five hours we spend on homework.

 
 
 
 
 

 

 Here is an interesting video:

The Carbon Cycle

Information of the Carbon Cycle:

The carbon cycle is a very, very important part of all natural life on earth but not many know about this process and its effects.  In a simplified explanation it can be compared to the water cycle since it moves through the land and atmosphere.  On the earth's crust most carbon is found either in fossil fuels or in living creatures (carbon is an elemental building block in all living things).  In our atmosphere it is a gas that traps our heat from the sun, acting as a sort of climate buffer.  And in the ocean it is stored in the water as well as the sedimentary rocks on the ocean floor.  Now as for the question of how the carbon moves to and from each of these locations we have to look at the processes.
So let's start with carbon on the earth's crust.  Carbon starts with living things.  When they die the carbon is either released back into the atmosphere or preserved to later become a fossil fuel (after a few million years that is).  Even when living things are alive they release carbon, for example when animals poop there is CO2 in their feces that (sort of in a way) "evaporates" back into the air; and we as humans release CO2 when we exhale.  Carbon is also absorbed into bodies of water where it dissolves or is used by organisms in the ecosystem.  (This eventually builds up sediments when the organisms die and their remains breakdown to the floor of the ocean, lake, etc. The product is limestone which holds carbonate and can later re-release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere). When CO2 is in the air it either rises to our atmosphere or is used by plants.  Plants use CO2 as a reactant in the process of photosynthesis to create energy and, and as a byproduct, releases oxygen into the air.  But when CO2 cycles back into our atmosphere it creates something called the greenhouse effect (also know as greenhouse gases).  This is what traps the sun's heat reflecting heat back onto land and maintains a constant temperature range that is compatible for sustaining life.
Over the last few years the carbon cycle in our atmosphere has been thrown out of balance.  There has been a build up of carbon dioxide causing an extreme form of the green house effect.  This layer of carbon has trapped more and more heat which is reflected back onto earth causing global warming.  The unbalance has been caused by an overuse and release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.  Plants cannot keep up with respiration to convert the carbon and therefore partially causing the carbon build up.  The build up is also attributed to us as humans burning and using billions and billions of tons of fossil fuels and carbon each year.  In other words we have slowly been polluting our atmosphere and setting the natural balance off kilter.
The carbon cycle plays a very essential role in nature and can have many affects in all aspects of life.  The balance is quite delicate and should be taken care of so it only takes its natural course.  Carbon is part of each living organism and is used in one way or another for all life, even inorganic substances.  It has a simple course and can be broken down and understood very easily.

Links:
The links are some sources I used and found helpful in explaining the carbon cycle.  They have more in depth detail of carbon/carbon cycle and how it moves and plays a major role in the environment.  This also includes some websites with short facts about the carbon cycle and its movement.

Videos:
These are some helpful videos to break down the carbon cycle as well as explain the significance of carbon in the environment.


Photos:


















Got H20?


Got H20?

Water is an essential for all living things due to water's properties that aid living things in surviving. Life on Earth would not be possible without water. This is why we are so avid about finding a planet with water on it. The properties of water are the following: universal solvent, high specific heat, and adhesion & cohesion. These properties help organisms survive and thrive on the planet. Roughly 70% of Earth is covered by water and 95.6% of that water is held in oceans and therefore is saltwater. This poses a problem for humans who cannot drink this saltwater, however let's look into the way water affects the lives of all organisms with its properties.

Water is a universal solvent and a polar molecule, it works best as a solvent of polar substances. When iconic substances are dissolved in water, they split into negative and positive ions. An example that affects organisms is: sodium chloride being absorbed into the water in the oceans and thus created a habitat for saltwater dwelling organisms. Water has the ability of absorbing high temperatures of heat while maintaining it's temperature. This protects organisms that make the water their habitat and require a certain body temperature to survive. Adhesion and Cohesion give water the ability for its molecules to be attracted to other surfaces and also attracted to other water molecules, and this can be seen in water moving up the stem up a plant using cohesion and adhesion to allow the water to travel up through the plants root system throughout the upper parts of the plant.

A fairly recent study was done by the CDC (center for Disease Control) that dealt with Americans not drinking enough water. The study was headed by Dr. Alyson Goodman who said that the amount of water that a person should drink everyday is unclear due to the variance in need from one human to another, and continued to say "less that four eight-ounce cups of water a day usually falls short." Forty-three percent of adults drink less than four cups of water a day. That includes 36 percent who drink one to three cups, and 7 percent who drink none. The CDC's study concluded amount of water you need to drink depends on the individuals' health habits. People who drink less water are also likely to be the same people who eat less than a cup of fruit and vegetables a day. The most consumed beverage by Americans 19 and older was found to be soda, which was said to be able to hydrate these people, however its consistent consumption would add obscene amounts of sugar to the diet and eventually lead to a range of problems from cavities to obesity. In conclusion drinking water could lead to the practice of better health habits. 



Sources: 




Obesity In America

Obesity In America



Obesity means having too much excess body fat.  Obesity is also the 2nd leading cause of preventable deaths, smoking being the first.  You can also look at obesity as a weight greater than what is considered healthy. It is a chronic medical disease that can lead to high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, some cancer, gallstones, and heart disease. Obesity is very difficult to treat and has a high relapse rate of 95%.  Obesity can not be a short-term fix. It has to be a life time commitment and change. Diets are only a temporary thing that lasts for a short amount of time.  An adult who has a body max index of 25-29.9 is considered overweight, while an adult who has a BMI over 30 is considered obese. The normal BMI is 18.5- 24.9. The BMI is not completely accurate because it does not account for muscle. For example an athlete could be considered obese if  their BMI is over 30, because muscle weighs more than fat. The body max index is a mathematical formula that accounts for a person height and weight. 

One in three Americans is obese.

This hyperlink below will give you obese and overweight statistics from the CDC. 
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/overwt.htm

This is another cool hyper link which will show you current and future obesity rates on a map.
http://healthyamericans.org/report/108/

Over 300,00 deaths per year are related to obesity.  Most of the patients who died had a body max weight above 30. Obesity also causes insulin resistance.  Insulin resistance is when the insulin can not transport glucose into cells.  When responding to insulin resistance, the pancreas initially produces more insulin. Blood glucose levels being to rise when the pancreas can no longer produce anymore insulin, the blood glucose levels begin to rise.  This results in type 2 diabetes.  Another huge issue of obesity is linked to is cancer of the colon. Obesity can also increase a women's risk for breast cancer.  Fat tissue is very important in producing estrogen, and a long exposure to high levels of estrogen can increase someone’s risk of breast cancer. Speaking of cancer there is a study shown that weight at time of diagnosis in linked to prostate cancer mortality. Researchers used 751 Kaiser Permanente patients with prostate cancer in order to find out if there is an association between a patients BMI and prostate cancer mortality. The researchers found out that the men who died from prostate cancer were 50% more likely to be overweight or obese, compared to the men who did not die from the cancer.
 There was also a study shown, where a researcher randomly assigned 509 adults. For this study, researchers randomly assigned 509 new adult patients to primary care physicians at a university medical center and monitored their use of services and related charges over 12 months. They found that obese patients were more likely to be women than men, were older, had poorer health status, and had a higher incidence of depression.



 Socioeconomic status also has a lot to do with obesity. Income and education weighs into obesity. The CDC ( Center For Disease Control) states that higher income women are less likely to be obese than low-income women.  I agree with the CDC that higher income women are less likely to become obese, because they are able to afford healthier food that fast food.   A lot of people who have low- incomes have to resort to fast foods because it is a cheap and quick way to eat.  The CDC also states that women with college degrees are less likely to be obese when compared to less educated women. I also think that it is very interesting that the CDC said that there is no significant relationship between obesity and education among men. Education is also a huge way obesity can be reduced.  If people were more educated on what they are eating and what the long term effects can be from the food their eating, maybe they would think twice, because they eat something loaded with sugar.  That is why I am not surprised by the fact that women with college degrees are less likely to be obese than uneducated women. 

This hyperlink below has great tips for obese or overweight women to live a healthier lifestyle 

http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/overweight-weight-loss.html

The Weight Of A Nation: Stigma-The Human Cost Of Obesity




http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ow1uiWcn4c


The video above adresses all the prejudice and bias faced by obese and overweight people from their, family, friends, co workers, health providers and strangers.  This video should wake people up about judging or making stereotypes for those who are obese. You can not judge someone until you take a walk in that person's shoes.  I learned from this video the pain and isolation those who are obese and overweight feel.  The pain and neglect they feel does not lead them to a positive path toward better health, but does contribute to weight gain.  A lot of times parents, and friends, think that being hard or teasing those who are obese or overweight about their weight would make them want to make a change, but evidence shows the opposite.  You have to be strict, but gentle at the same time.  



Child obesity is also a huge problem.  One out of five children is overweight in the United States, and it is only increasing. The most common reasons children become obese are genetic factors, unhealthy eating patterns, and not enough exercise. I strongly believe that vending machines filled with junk food loaded with saturated fats need to be taken out of all schools. I do not think that they are doing nothing but harm to the children.  If vending machines are allowed to be in school than they she be filled with healthy/ all natural snacks. I think if healthy snacks are in place of all the junk food than the children will have no choice, but to eat the healthy snacks if they are hungry.  I also think that gym class should be taken more seriously.  I know a lot of students tend to look at exercising in a negative way which needs to be changed. I think a way to get students to exercise in and outside of gym class is to give the students an exercising log, which is a way for student to jot down their physical activity. My cross country coach made us write down our running on the weekends in our running log so we wouldn't skip or lie about running.  I think the running log really worked because it motivated me to run on the weekends. 

 Alarming new studies have showing that half of all Americans could be obese in the next 20 years. Food scientists say that food can be a drug.  Scientists and food industry whistle blowers say big food companies engineer process foods and beverages with ingredients that peak the taste buds while tricking the brain to think your still hungry which causes you to eat more.  The main reason food corporation are not making foods with healthier ingredients is because we are putting money over public health. This video below, will talk about in a little more detail than I did about how US corporations fuel obesity with addictive ingredients. With all that being said I strongly believe reducing obesity needs to be a national priority, or we are going to not only individually, but also nationally pay the price. 


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nj8gDA8En5I




Sources: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131029143004.htm
http://www.medicinenet.com/obesity_weight_loss/article.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131029143004.htm




Lipids- The Good and Bad

       Everyone assumes fats are SO bad. Like Total Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, and Triglycerides. Which are responsible for damaging and clogging arteries. And which then also lead to High Blood Pressure, Strokes, Eye Damage, Kidney Damage, and much more. But let's dig deeper and explore other kinds. Who knows, there may be some health impacting ones out there. 

      And indeed there are a few! There is Omega-3, Omega 6 (which are essential and help lower blood pressure and triglyceride. These fatty acids are found in fish oil, egg oil and squid oil) and HDL. Let's focal point more on HDL. HDL is short for High Density Lipoprotein. Here are some things it does:

-Reduces heart disease 
-Removes LDL from the body, which is also known as Low Density Lipoprotein. 
-And it acts as maintenance. it maintains and cleans the inner walls of blood vessels. 


       Now what is the healthy target range for your HDL cholesterol level? Well men are at risk when they have less than 40 mg/dL. So the desirable rate is 60 mg/dL or above. So for women it's about the same. If you have less then 50 mg/dL, you are in danger, so women should keep it at 60 mg/dL or above. 

      So what can we do to boast our HDL's up? Well you can get a good aerobic exercise or work out. Some examples are long distance running, swimming, and cycling. Five 30 minute sessions per work can raise ones HDL by 5% to 10%. Another tip is if you smoke, quit!  Levels rise by as much as 15% to 20% after you stop. Also consider taking medications. There are some medicines out there, like Niacin, that's over the counter and is the most effective for HDL-raising. Also if you need to loose weight, then do so! If you looses up to 7 pounds, than you can raise your HDL by 1 mg/dL. And lastly, what I think is easiest, is just eat a healthy diet. Avoid things such as, trans fats (the bad fats) and highly refined carbohydrates, like white-flour products. So always look on labels! They help tremendously. 

     So yes, all in all there is more negative lipids than positive ones, but it's always better to look at the positive. My best advice is just look out for your different levels regarding fats and lipids. Keep them in check and in mind. And try out the tips listed above, it will only help you in the long run! Get it? 



        
The video below is just a 3 minute summary of what was just said, and goes more in depth with LDL


 






Works Used: 






Saturday, November 2, 2013

Retinol Please!

What is Vitamin A?

Vitamin A is a fat-solube micronutrient in several foods. It helps in the general function in skin, eyes, hair, the immune system and in reproduction. Vitamin A is vital in vision more than anything else. It is especially essential to the prevention of nocturnal blindness. Simply eating carrots will not improve your nocturnal vision since carrots do not supply a fundamental "ingredient" for better vision. Carotenoids are needed for improving vision. Beta-carotene, the "ingredient" and a carotenoid, can form into vitamin A. Vitamin A is another term for retinol, because it produces the pigments in the retina of the eye. In order to have a well source of vitamin A for vision, you must know the different types of Vitamin A and its sources.


Types of Vitamin A

There are two types of vitamin A suppliers. The two types of Vitamin A are preformed vitamin A and provitamin A. Preformed vitamin A is the most beneficial form of vitamin A found in animal products such as meat, dairy, fish, etc. Red meats are usually high in cholesterol so the amount of intake should be moderate. In dietary supplements, it is in the form of retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate. Preformed vitamin A is usually toxic in high levels from supplements and medicines and should be taken at a cautious level. High intakes can cause nausea, headaches, and possibly death. In women, if pregnant, high intakes of supplemented preformed vitamin A can cause birth defects.





 Meanwhile, provitamin A is found in plant-based products such as fruits and vegetables. The most important type of provitamin A is beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is one of many carotenoids and an antioxidant, which protects cells from free radicals that cause damage.


Beta-carotene food products may reduce the risk of cancer but is still not well supported and research is still in progress. Although, it can reduce the risk of LDL from saturated fatty acids in preformed vitamin A. Some sources of beta-carotene are carrots, cantaloupe, pink grapefruit, sweet potatoes, broccoli, and other green vegetables. Unlike preformed vitamin A, beta-carotene is not toxic and its levels of intake do not have to be monitored for health risks. It is better to search for multivitamins that contain beta-carotene instead of those that contain preformed vitamin A. However, too much beta-carotene in your diet can turn your skin yellow or orange. Now, if you do not get enough retinol then you can encounter vision problems and a probable need for glasses.


Find out more: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/252758.php


How Much Retinol Do I Need? 

Currently, there is no vitamin A deficiency in the United States. The RDA for males age 14 and older is 900 mcg/ day and for females age 14 and older is 700 mcg/day. Your health diet, age, gender, and environment are all factors for determining your recommended dietary allowance for vitamin A so consult your doctor for the best measured dose you require.


Table 1: Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin A 
AgeMaleFemalePregnancyLactation
0–6 months*400 mcg RAE400 mcg RAE
7–12 months*500 mcg RAE500 mcg RAE
1–3 years300 mcg RAE300 mcg RAE
4–8 years400 mcg RAE400 mcg RAE
9–13 years600 mcg RAE600 mcg RAE
14–18 years900 mcg RAE700 mcg RAE750 mcg RAE1,200 mcg RAE
19–50 years900 mcg RAE700 mcg RAE770 mcg RAE1,300 mcg RAE
51+ years900 mcg RAE700 mcg RAE

* Adequate Intake (AI), equivalent to the mean intake of vitamin A in healthy, breastfed infants.
(reference table from Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies)


( Summary of Vitamin A) 



Vitamin A Deficiency...briefly....spine shivers
Keratomalacia















Keratomalacia is a severe result of vitamin A deficiency. Early symptoms of this are poor vision at night and extreme dryness of the eyes. In some developing countries, it is caused by childhood blindness and inadequate nutrition. (more on: http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/keratomalacia )






References: